Writing

Essays on AI governance, as practised.

Pieces on Model Risk Management, regulatory posture, and the engineering realities of putting generative and agentic AI into banks — written for the people who have to defend it to an examiner.

  1. AI Governance / FINOS / MCP / Agentic AI / Service Mesh / Control Plane

    Where Agentic AI Controls Actually Run: FINOS AIGF v2.0 and the Service-Mesh Control Plane

    FINRA, the PRA's SS1/23, and EIOPA all expect specific controls on agentic AI. FINOS AIGF v2.0 names six new risks and six mitigations that describe a single architectural pattern — and it's the one service mesh has been doing for microservices for a decade.

  2. AI Governance / FINRA / Rule 3110 / Agentic AI / Capital Markets

    FINRA's Agentic AI Considerations Already Live in Your Rulebook

    FINRA's December 2025 AROR doesn't write new AI rules. It flags four consideration areas for firms developing AI agents — each of which already maps onto Rule 3110, 3120, or 17a-3/4. Here's what each one means in practice for a broker-dealer.

  3. AI Governance / Model Risk Management / SR 11-7 / Generative AI

    SR 11-7 Just Wrote Itself Out of the GenAI Conversation

    The April 17, 2026 interagency MRM rewrite formally excludes generative and agentic AI from scope. That's not a retreat — it's an RFI window.

  4. AI Governance / Model Risk Management / SR 11-7 / Model Validation

    Why Deterministic Language Models Would Be A Big Deal For Banks

    Coming to the same answer twice is kind of cool

  5. AI Governance / Model Risk Management / SR 11-7 / Model Validation

    Why AI Evals Aren't Optional: The Governance Case for Systematic Evaluation

    You can't govern what you can't measure. Here's why evaluation is the foundation of effective AI governance, not a technical nice-to-have.

  6. AI Governance / Model Risk Management / SR 11-7 / SS1/23

    The Model Boundary Question: Why Your LLM Application is Actually a System Model

    Most banks think the 'model' is GPT-4. Regulators will disagree.

  7. ai / business

    OpenAI's Long Term Model Is...

    An agent for everything?

  8. ai / appsec

    Aardvark could be great - if it can really understand threat models

    Who ever really trusted SCA anyway?

  9. Bias / Fairness / AI Ethics

    The AI Bias Paradox: Why 'Fairness' Is Harder Than You Think

    Different definitions of fairness are mathematically incompatible. Your AI can't be 'fair' in every way - and that matters for FSI lending models

  10. Risk Assessment / Process / AI Governance

    Building an AI Risk Assessment Process

    Every AI project should go through risk assessment. Here's an 8-step process that actually works for AI, based on the FINOS framework

  11. Security / Prompt Injection / AI Risks

    Prompt Injection Attacks: What They Are and Why FSI Should Care

    Prompt injection is to LLMs what SQL injection was to databases in 2005. Except most banks don't know it exists yet

  12. Risk Management / AI Governance / Strategy

    AI Risk Tiering: Not All AI Systems Are Created Equal

    Applying the same governance to internal chatbots and customer-facing credit decisions is either too heavy or too light. Here's how to tier AI by risk and apply proportionate controls

  13. Vendor Risk / Third-Party Risk / AI Governance

    Third-Party AI Risk: You Own the Risk, Not Just the API

    Using Azure OpenAI doesn't mean Microsoft handles AI governance for you. You still own the risk. Here's what that means in practice

  14. AI Operations / Observability / Monitoring

    AI System Observability: What to Log and Why

    Your traditional logging strategy doesn't work for AI systems. Here's what you actually need to log (and what you shouldn't)

  15. AI Security / RAG / Data Privacy

    The RAG Security Problem Nobody's Talking About

    RAG gives LLMs access to your documents and databases. It's also a data security nightmare if you're not careful about access control preservation

  16. AI Governance / FINOS / Risk Management

    Inside the FINOS AI Governance Framework: A Practical Tour

    A guided tour of what makes the FINOS AI Governance Framework different from every other AI governance framework - and why it's actually useful for banks